![]() ![]() However, the inhibitory tendency was significantly reversed by miRNA-146a inhibitors. Following exposure to papain, the enhanced miRNA-146a transcription induced by MPA-formation was found along with significant inhibition of monocyte activation in a dose-dependent manner. The NF-κB inhibitor and miRNA-146a mimics upregulated miRNA-146a expression but suppressed subsequent monocyte activation and expression of COX-2 and MCP-1. Levels of miRNA-146a, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) mRNA and protein, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) were analyzed in monocytes by RT-PCR, western blot, and ELISA. ![]() Flow cytometry was used to measure the MPA formation-initiated monocyte activation. THP-1 cells were exposed to papain, miRNA-146a mimic and inhibitor, NF-κB inhibitor (BAY11-7082), and platelets. ![]() This study aimed to demonstrate the underlying effects of papain on MPA formation-initiated miRNA-146a expression and subsequent action in monocytes. MicroRNA-146a (miRNA-146a) is a nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-inducible and inflammation-sensitive miRNA, while papain elicits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting monocyte-platelet aggregate (MPA)-mediated NF-κB pathway activation in monocytes.
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